Let's start to know about Galilean Transformations -
Suppose we (Observer A) are standing and watching an event at time t=0 and another man (Observer B) is also watching this same event,like this-
when we and another observer were watching this event ,were in one frame of reference(i.e. the event was at equal distance from observer A and B at time t=0)
After time t ,Observer B moves towards to the event with velocity u,
Now ,here will be two frame of reference (xyz - frame of reference and x'y'z'-frame of reference ),One with respect to Observer A and second with respect to observer B because observer B has changed his distance from the event .
Measured length along x-axis to the event = (ut +x')
x=ut+x' ; .
and so on, y=y' ;
z=z' ;
t=t'( because the event is happening at the same time for both observer)
Or x'=x-ut
y'=y
z'=z
t'=t
These Equations are called Galilean Transformation equations.
differentiating with respect to x of these equations-
dx'/dt=dx/dt-udt/dt {u=constant velocity}
or vx'=vx-u
and vy'=vy
vz'=vz
and again differentiating
ax'=ax {u=constant
ay'=ay
az'=az
vz'=vz
and again differentiating
ax'=ax {u=constant
ay'=ay
az'=az
Galilean Invariance
you can write a=ax+ay+az
Force-
F=ma
F'=ma'(because a=a')
So
F=F'


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